ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: During childhood and adolescence, there are significant increases in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate physical growth parameters associated with BMD and BMC among children and adolescents diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, among 63 children and adolescents (aged 8-15 years) diagnosed with HIV. METHOD: BMD, BMC and fat percentage z score were evaluated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Age/height z score and body mass index (BMI)/age z score were obtained in accordance with international recommendations, and bone age was obtained through hand-wrist radiography. Sex, family income, information on HIV infection (T CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load and type of antiretroviral therapy, moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior) were used as adjustment variables in the analyses. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Subtotal BMD (without the head region) was directly associated with bone age, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. Subtotal BMC/height was directly associated with bone age, height/age z score, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Subtotal BMD and subtotal BMC/height were directly associated with physical growth indicators among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the validity of traditional anthropometric equations and to develop predictive equations of total body and trunk fat for children and adolescents living with HIV based on anthropometric measurements. Forty-eight children and adolescents of both sexes (24 boys) aged 7-17 years, living in Santa Catarina, Brazil, participated in the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used as the reference method to evaluate total body and trunk fat. Height, body weight, circumferences and triceps, subscapular, abdominal and calf skinfolds were measured. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter were used to estimate body fat. Multiple regression models were fitted to predict total body fat (Model 1) and trunk fat (Model 2) using a backward selection procedure. Model 1 had an R2 = 0.85 and a standard error of the estimate of 1.43. Model 2 had an R2 = 0.80 and standard error of the estimate = 0.49. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter showed poor performance in estimating body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV. The prediction models using anthropometry provided reliable estimates and can be used by clinicians and healthcare professionals to monitor total body and trunk fat in children and adolescents living with HIV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Composition , HIV Infections , Anthropometry/methods , Adipose Tissue , Absorptiometry, Photon , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: An increase in excess body fat and a decrease in the number of hours of sleep per day are health problems affecting the paediatric population. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the combined prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day in adolescents, and the association with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 1,132 participants from 14 to 19 years old in São José, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body fat was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and classified by the Z-score, while adolescents reported the total hours of sleep/day. Sociodemographic data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were collected by self-filled questionnaire. RESULTS: The simultaneous prevalence of overweight and insufficient sleep/day was 17.5%. The factors associated with this condition were to meet the recommendations of the practice of physical activity per week, participate in gym class twice/week and period greater/equal to four hours/day in front of the screen. CONCLUSION: Guidelines in the school environment in relation to health problems posed by weight excess and the amount of insufficient hours sleep can be present when recommendations on physical activity and sedentary behaviour are given to students.
INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento do excesso de gordura corporal e a diminuição do número de horas de sono/dia são agravos à saúde que atingem a população pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência combinada de excesso de peso e horas de sono/dia insuficientes em adolescentes, e verificar a associação com características sociodemográficas, de atividade física e comportamento sedentário. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de base escolar, realizado com 1.132 participantes de 14 a 19 anos de idade, em São José, Brasil. A gordura corporal foi avaliada pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e classificado por meio do escore-Z, enquanto o total de horas de sono/dia foi relatado pelos adolescentes. Os dados sociodemográficos, de atividade física e comportamento sedentário foram levantados por questionário autopreenchível. RESULTADOS: A prevalência simultânea de excesso de peso e horas de sono/dia insuficientes foi de 17,5%. Os fatores associados a esta condição foram atender as recomendações de prática de atividade física semanal, participar da aula de educação física duas vezes/semana e período maior/igual a quatro horas/dia em frente a tela. CONCLUSÃO: Orientações no ambiente escolar em relação aos problemas à saúde acarretados pelo excesso de peso e pela quantidade de horas de sono insuficientes podem se fazer presentes quando recomendações sobre atividade física e comportamento sedentário forem dadas aos estudantes.